罗氏沼虾细胞色素P450家族CYP302a1基因克隆及其在蜕皮周期中的表达

蜕皮是甲壳动物重要的生理活动,与其蜕皮激素的合成密切相关,细胞色素P450(CYP)302a1是甲壳动物蜕皮激素合成通路中的关键酶之一。本研究克隆了罗氏沼虾CYP302a1基因(Mr-CYP302a1),cDNA全长1859 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1629 bp,编码543个氨基酸(aa),分子量大小为61.09 ku,等电点为8.42。氨基酸序列分析显示CYP302a1基因的保守结构域含有5个P450基因家族特征保守区域:heme-binding、helix-K、helixC、helix-I及PERF。系统进化分析结果显示Mr-CYP302a1首先与绿虾CYP302a1聚为一支,然后与凡纳滨对虾及三疣梭子蟹等十足目甲壳动物的CYP302a1聚为一支,与甲壳动物的亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测表明Mr-CYP302a1在罗氏沼虾的多个组织中均有表达,其中在Y器官中的表达量最高,性腺中次之。同时研究发现,MrCYP302a1基因在罗氏沼虾的蜕皮后期(A期和B期)表达量很低,蜕皮间期(C期)表达量开始上升,在蜕皮前期D1亚期达到峰值。对Mr-CYP302a1进行蛋白表达及多克隆抗体制备,蛋白印迹法(Western blot,WB)检测表明Mr-CYP302a1蛋白在罗氏沼虾Y器官中的表达量最高,在蜕皮过程中的蜕皮前期D1亚期达到峰值。综上所述,该基因在罗氏沼虾的蜕皮过程中扮演着十分重要的角色。     

2株可培养细菌氮代谢特性的研究

研究旨在分析土壤中可培养细菌菌株的氮代谢特征,并进一步探讨微生物在土壤氮素转化中的可能作用机制。以2株分离自苹果园土壤的细菌菌株SY5-4和SY11-10为试材,采用传统培养方法结合分子检测技术,分别测定菌株生长特性及其氮素转化能力。研究结果表明,异养条件下,菌株SY5-4和SY11-10的世代时间分别为243.5 min和202.7 min。菌株生长过程中,培养液中铵态氮浓度始终维持在较高水平,铵态氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮浓度均表现出先升后降的趋势。硝化（amoA和hao）和反硝化（nosZ、norB、nirK和nap）基因检测结果表明,菌株SY11-10具有多种氮素转化潜能。综上,供试菌株培养过程中,培养液中氮素发生变化,并在菌体中检测到不同氮转化基因,表明菌株参与多种氮代谢途径。     

基于SNP标记的爆裂玉米农家品种遗传多样性

为了评价广西爆裂玉米农家品种的遗传多样性,利用56K SNP芯片技术对中国广西45个爆裂玉米农家品种、中国2个爆裂玉米杂交种和6个南美爆裂玉米种质进行全基因组扫描,获得多态性标记14 338个,基因分型为6 种类型。其中A/G类型最多,为5 805个;A/T类型最少,为149个。1号染色体的多态性SNP位点最多,为2 302个;10号染色体最少,为848个。45个农家品种间平均遗传相似系数为0.62,变幅为0.41~0.99,总体遗传相似度高。聚类分析将参试品种划分为三大类群,相同来源的农家品种大多聚在一起;主成分分析显示大部分农家品种聚在一起,与杂交品种和南美品种之间没有交集,表明农家品种遗传相似性较高,与杂交品种和南美品种遗传差异较大。     

干鲜两用辣椒新品种‘安椒12’的选育

‘安椒12’是以‘m 99-6’为母本‘、538’为父本配制而成的杂交1代辣椒新品种。该品种生育期185 d左右,中早熟,始花节位8~10节;果实线形,果长22~25 cm,横径1.8~2.0 cm,平均单果质量21 g,最大单果质量36 g,连续坐果性强,最多可连续不间断坐果136个;早春栽培前期平均667 m^2产量900~1 200 kg,667 m^2总产量3 500~4 500 kg;产量高,抗性强,嫩果绿色,老果红色,适合鲜食和加工。适宜在河南、河北等省春季保护地或春季露地种植。2010年被评为河南省科技进步三等奖;2018年通过了非主要农作物品种登记。     

Intermediary metabolic response and gene transcription modulation on the Sub-Antarctic notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus (Valenciennes, 1930) injected with two strains of Piscirickettsia salmonis

Pathogen interactions with cultured fish populations are well studied, but their effects on native fishes have not been characterized. In Chile, the disease caused by bacterial species Piscirickettsia salmonis represents one of the main issues and is considered to be one of the important pathogens in the field of aquaculture. They have been found to infect native fish. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the impact of P. salmonis on native species of local commercial value, as well as the potential impact associated with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of P. salmonis. Due to this purpose, the native fish Eleginops maclovinus was used in our study. Fish were randomly distributed in tanks and intraperitoneally inoculated with two strains of P. salmonis. No mortality was recorded during the experiment. Cortisol, glucose and total α-amino acid levels increased in fish injected with AUSTRAL-005 strain compared to sham-injected and LF-89-inoculated fish. Moreover, results showed an increase in the activity of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism in liver; and an increase in the carbohydrates, lipids and total α-amino acid metabolism in muscle after injection with AUSTRAL-005. Our results suggest that P. salmonis modulates the physiology of E. maclovinus and the physiological impact increase in the presence of the antibiotic-resistant strain AUSTRAL-005.     

1-MCP处理对“丽格”海棠果实采后生理及品质的影响

以"丽格"海棠果实为试材,研究经1.0μL/L的1-MCP处理后,室温(20±1)℃条件下贮藏的海棠果实品质和生理变化,并利用主成分对采后测定的各项生理指标进行分析。结果表明,与不加1-MCP的对照组相比,1-MCP处理可保持海棠果实硬度,抑制可溶性固形物(TSS)含量的升高,减缓VC含量的降低、果皮叶绿素的分解和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的下降,降低呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率,有效地延缓果实衰老,使海棠果更耐贮藏。主成分分析在特征值大于1时将经1-MCP处理后的海棠果实8个生理指标综合为2个因子,累积方差贡献率达到84.44%,其中第1主成分主要代表果肉硬度和叶绿素信息,第2主成分主要代表乙烯释放量信息。     

1-MCP处理对“东红”猕猴桃货架期品质的影响

以"东红"猕猴桃为试材,通过采后用不同浓度(0、0.25、0.50、0.75μL·L^-1)1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)进行处理后,将果实至于(20.0±0.5)℃层析冷柜中对其进行货架期贮藏,研究"东红"猕猴桃果实品质的变化,以期为延长猕猴桃货架期品质提供参考依据。结果表明:0.75μL·L^-11-MCP能够有效地抑制"东红"猕猴桃果实硬度、b*值、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的下降;0.75μL·L^-1及0.50μL·L^-11-MCP均能够显著降低"东红"猕猴桃果实呼吸强度、乙烯生成速率和脂氧合酶(LOX)活性;0.25、0.50、0.75μL·L^-11-MCP能够更好地推迟"东红"猕猴桃果实可溶性固形物含量的上升,而不同浓度1-MCP处理间对"东红"猕猴桃果实可滴定酸含量的作用效果无显著差异。综合比较,0.75μL·L^-11-MCP能够更好地保持"东红"猕猴桃的货架期品质,其次为0.50μL·L^-11-MCP。综合考虑"东红"猕猴桃货架期品质变化及成本,建议"东红"猕猴桃的1-MCP使用浓度为0.50~0.75μL·L^-1。     

Growth performance of Black Bengal,Saanen, and their crossbred F1 as affected by sex,litter size,and season of kidding

The objective of the present study was to determine the factors that influenced growth performance of the goat kids of Black Bengal (BB), Saanen (SA), and their crossbred F1 (male Bengal × female Saanen [BBSA] and male Saanen × female Black Bengal [SABB]). Data for 674 kids were analyzed from 316 litters and 134 does. All kids were weekly measured on their characteristics (body weight, length, height at the withers, and chest girth) from birth to 11 weeks old. The kid’s breed and sex, litter size, and season of kidding influenced birth weight and other characteristics through the experiment. The SA and BBSA kids showed similar performance, which were higher than BB and SABB kids. Male kids had higher performance than female kids, and kids from a single litter showed the highest performance. Kids born during rainy season showed lower performance than those born in hot and cool seasons. In conclusion, the crossbred BBSA is superior to SABB or BB to raise in tropical climate Moreover, sex, litter size, and kidding season also affected growth performance during the preweaning period up to 11 weeks old.     

Using genetic methods for analysis of fish meals and feeds employed in Greek mariculture

Large quantities of high protein fish meals are needed to sustain cultured species and thus the impact to marine ecosystem has been highly discussed. The aim of this study was to apply a PCR‐cloning methodology for a robust insight into the composition of commercial fish meals and feeds for farmed species of the Greek mariculture, assessing the risk posed by aquaculture to marine ecosystems but also the risk posed by commercial fish feeds to the increase in trophic level of species farmed in Greece. 89% of the sequences were identified to species level and only 11% to genus/family level. Overall, a total of 49 taxa were identified (44 fish species/taxon, five non‐fish species/taxon). Even though small pelagic fish like Engraulis sp. were the main portion, a wide range of species constituted the fish meals and feeds. Plant and animal species were also detected as an alternative protein source. Feed products employed in Greek mariculture still contain large portions of fish meals which increase the mean trophic level of farmed species causing a farming up trend. The results emphasize that such molecular methodologies are needed to certify aquafeeds allowing fish feed producers to demonstrate their commitment to sustainable aquaculture.     

Effect of endothelin-1 on inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD

AIM:To investigate the effect of endothelin-1 on inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS:Healthy non-smokers (30 cases), healthy smokers (30 cases) and COPD patients (29 cases) were collected and induced to produce sputum. The concentration of endothelin-1 in the induced sputum was detected. The model of emphysema was established by cigarette smoke extract to stimulate SD rats. Endothelin A receptor antagonist BQ123 and non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan were used to intervene with the model rats. The experiment was divided into control group, cigarette-treated group, selective antagonist group and non-selective antagonist group. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 in the lung tissue were determined by Western blot. Gelatin zymography was used to analyze the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in the lung tissue. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. The bioantioxidant power (BAP) was detected by BAP assay kit. RESULTS:The concentrations of endothelin-1 in induced sputum of healthy smokers and COPD patients were significantly higher than that of healthy non-smokers (P<0.05), and the level of endothelin-1 in COPD patients was significantly higher than that in healthy smokers (P<0.05). The levels of cleaved caspase-3, MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α and IL-1β in the lung tissues from cigarette-treated group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The endothelin A receptor antagonist significantly inhibited the levels of cleaved caspase-3, MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05). The serum BAP in cigarette-treated group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). However, endothelin A receptor antagonist significantly increased serum BAP (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Endothelin-1 may play an important role in the development and progression of COPD through regulating apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinase activity, inflammation and oxidative stress.